我國剛玉磨料的特色及用途如表1-1-3。
| 剛玉品種 | 特徵 | 使用 |
| 棕色剛玉 | 棕剛玉外觀為棕色，主要化學成分為Al2O₃，其含量在94.5%~97%，具有硬度高、韌性好、顆粒鋒利、價格相對低廉的特點，適合研磨高抗拉強度金屬，在沒有其他磨料，一般可用它代替。 | 廣泛用於普通鋼材的粗磨，如：碳鋼、一般合金鋼、可鍛鑄鐵、硬青銅等。 |
| 白剛玉 | 白剛玉的硬度比棕剛玉稍高，但韌性稍差，切削時容易割傷工件，自銳性較好，發熱小，磨削能力強，效率高，價格比棕剛玉高 | 適用於研磨高硬度鋼材，如高速鋼、商品碳鋼、淬火鋼、合金鋼等 |
| 單晶剛玉 | 單晶剛玉磨料顆粒由單晶組成，具有良好的多棱形切削刃，硬度和韌性高，磨削能力強，磨削熱量少，缺點是生產成本較高，有浪費生產中產生廢氣和廢水，產量低。 | 考慮到單晶剛玉磨料受生產條件的限制，可用於磨削堅硬、韌性困難的金屬材料，如不銹鋼、高釩高速鋼、耐熱合金鋼及易變形、易燒傷的工件，一般只推薦用於耐熱合金和難磨損金屬材料的研磨。 |
| 微晶剛玉 | 屬於棕剛玉的衍生品種，外觀顏色和化學成分與棕剛玉相似，特徵是晶體尺寸小（50～280/μm），磨粒韌性好，強度高，自銳性好 | 適用於磨削不銹鋼、碳鋼、球磨鑄鐵等，研磨方式適用於成形銑削、切削磨削、精磨和重載磨削 |
| 鉻剛玉 | 是白剛玉的衍生品種，外觀呈玫瑰色，硬度與白剛玉相近，韌性比白剛玉稍高，強度高，研磨性能好，研磨精度高。用這種磨料製成的磨料具有良好的形狀保持性 | 應用範圍與白剛玉相似，特別適用於各種工具、量具、儀器零件的精磨和成形磨削。一般來說，鉻剛玉的研磨性能比白剛玉好 |
| 鋯剛玉 | 鋯剛玉為：α-Al2O₃和Al2O₃-ZrO2：共晶化合物，其特徵是硬度稍低，但韌性值大，強度高，通常晶體尺寸較細，耐磨性好 | 國外鋯剛玉磨料主要用於重負荷磨削，適用於研磨耐熱合金鋼、秦合金鋼和奧氏體不銹鋼 |
| 燒結剛玉 | 它是用鋁土礦或氧化鋁粉等細料燒結而成，其特點是韌性良好， 可製成各種特殊形狀和尺寸的磨粒。 |
主要用於重型磨削鋼錠砂輪，適用於研磨不銹鋼鋼錠等 |
| 黑鋼玉 | 屬於棕剛玉的衍生品種，外觀呈黑色。特徵是Al2O₃含量較低，並含有一定量的Fe2O₃（約10%），因此硬度較低，但韌性較好 | 多用於自由磨削，如產品電鍍前的磨削或粗磨，也用於製造塗附磨俱。樹脂切割片、拋光塊等 |
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